pasif voice

Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif

Aktif : S + Verb (Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll

Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll


To be yang digunakan

Present : is, am, are

Past : was, were

Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)

Future : be (setelah modals)

Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)

Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif
Jack sings a song (active)
A song is sung by Jack (Passive)
Jack sang a song yesterday (active)
A song was sung by Jack yesterday (passive)
Jack has sung a song (active)
A song has been sung by Jack (passive)
Jack will sing a song (active)
A song will be sung by Jack (passive)
Jack is singing a song (active)
A song is being sung by Jack (passive)
Jack can sing a song (active)
A song can be sung by Jack (passive)


Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive


1) Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III

Help the poor (active)
Let the poor be helped (passive)


2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time

Rumus:

It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III

It is time to send the letter (active)
It is time for the letter to be sent (passive)


3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive

(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)

Don’t wait for me (active)
You are advised not to wait for me (passive)


4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception

Rumus:

Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III

(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)

This food tastes delicious (active)
This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive)


5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by “that-clause”

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.

We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)


6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements

I consider her very pretty (active)
She is considered very pretty (passive)


7) Passive Sentence with two objects
He gave me a book (active)
A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
I was given a book by him (passive 2)


Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs
The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)


9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence

Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.

We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.


10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need
This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
This wall needs painting.

tenses

Verb Tenses


►Simple Present: base form of the verb (for third-person singular, add –s or
–es).
contoh :

I walk to school every day. (habitual action)

The earth is round. (general truth)

►Present Progressive: am / is / are + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


I am wearing my new raincoat.

►Present Perfect: have / has + past participle.
contoh :


John has worked at the bookstore since last summer.

Bruce has sung at every concert held at the school.

Our friends have travelled to Paris.

Yes, we have studied for the test.

The boys have just found the coins.

►Present Perfect Progressive: have / has + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

I have been picking cherries.

I have been walking for two hours.

►Simple Past: base form + -ed for regular verbs. Many verbs have an irregular
past-tense form. To find the past-tense form of a verb, look up its base form in
your dictionary.
contoh :


I ate breakfast yesterday.

I sang every day when I was in high school.

►Past Progressive: was / were + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


Dave was taking a shower when the phone rang.

Yannick was dancing while Adrian was playing his guitar.

►Past Perfect: had + past participle.
contoh :


I had finished dinner by six o’clock.

After he had stepped on the nail, his foot began to hurt.

►Past Perfect Progressive: had + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


Laura had been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes when it finally arrived.

►Simple Future: will / shall + base form.
contoh :

Regan will sing at the concert on Friday.

►Future Progressive: will + be + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

I will be cheering loudly when The Ruttles walk onstage.

►Future Perfect: will + have + past participle.
contoh :

The Smiths will have painted their house before you arrive.

Natalie will have eaten five donuts by the end of the night.

►Future Perfect Progressive: will + have + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

As of May, Adrian will have been playing in the band for twenty
years.

tenses

Verb Tenses


►Simple Present: base form of the verb (for third-person singular, add –s or
–es).
contoh :

I walk to school every day. (habitual action)

The earth is round. (general truth)

►Present Progressive: am / is / are + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


I am wearing my new raincoat.

►Present Perfect: have / has + past participle.
contoh :


John has worked at the bookstore since last summer.

Bruce has sung at every concert held at the school.

Our friends have travelled to Paris.

Yes, we have studied for the test.

The boys have just found the coins.

►Present Perfect Progressive: have / has + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

I have been picking cherries.

I have been walking for two hours.

►Simple Past: base form + -ed for regular verbs.   
contoh :


I ate breakfast yesterday.

I sang every day when I was in high school.

►Past Progressive: was / were + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


Dave was taking a shower when the phone rang.

Yannick was dancing while Adrian was playing his guitar.

►Past Perfect: had + past participle.
contoh :


I had finished dinner by six o’clock.

After he had stepped on the nail, his foot began to hurt.

►Past Perfect Progressive: had + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :


Laura had been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes when it finally arrived.

►Simple Future: will / shall + base form.
contoh :

Regan will sing at the concert on Friday.

►Future Progressive: will + be + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

I will be cheering loudly when The Ruttles walk onstage.

►Future Perfect: will + have + past participle.
contoh :

The Smiths will have painted their house before you arrive.

Natalie will have eaten five donuts by the end of the night.

►Future Perfect Progressive: will + have + been + present participle (-ing).
contoh :

As of May, Adrian will have been playing in the band for twenty
years.

bagan tenses

tugas

Actice / passive Exercise 1: Make the following active sentences passive (if possible). in some case a by-phrase is optional.

1. One of the servant stole the jewels
-> The jewels are stolen by one of the servant

2. They could have written more letter to their parents
-> More letter could have been written by them to their parents

3. We feed the animals twice a day
-> The animals are fed by us twice a day

4. We drove to las vegas during our winter vacation
->(we were driven to las vegas during our winter vacation)

5. She invited us to the movies
-> we are invited to the movies by her

6. The airplane flew over our house
-> Our house was flown over by the airplane

7. We took the test on friday
-> The test is taken by us on friday

8. One of the students sang the song
-> the song was sung by one of the students

9. Professor scott teaches literature in the fail
-> Literature is thaughts by professor scott in the fail

10.The grocer freezes the meat every day
-> The meat is frozen by the grocer



Active / Passive Exercise 2: make the following passive sentences active

1. The prisoners were captured by the enemy
-> The enemy capture the prisoners

2. The exercises are being done by the class
-> The class doing the exercises

3. The homework could have been done by him in ten minutes
-> He could have do the homework in ten minutes

4. The lesson is thaught by the teacher on fridays
-> The teacher teach the lesson on fridays

5. The museum is not used by people who live in the outsite the city
-> People who live in the outsite the city not use the museum

6. The students spoke greole before they came to miami
-> no active form...

7. Meetings are held by our club on friday
-> Our club hold meetings on friday

8. Romans no longer speak latin
-> ..wrong sentense..speak is verb1..so it already in active sentence..

9. The key is always forgotten by my roomate
-> My roommate always forget the key

10. My aplication had already been filled out by the time i was called
-> By the time i was called my aplication had already filled out(still uncertain)



Essay Exercise 2: Correct these students sentences from TOEFL test essay. Find passive and past particle error.
(it so confusing...i need help to finish this part...honestly i don't quite understand either..he..he..he..)

1. I was grown up in the countryside
-> Iwas grown up in the countryside

2. I have spend a lot of time with only one or two close friends
->I have spent a lot of time with only one or two close friends

3. Traditional schools are base on the idea that learning with a teacher is best
-> Traditional schools are based on the idea that learning with a teacher is best

4. Cities where univercities are founding usually have a higher standard of living
-> Cities where univercities are being found usually have a higher standard of living

5. Only good students have admitted to universities in my country, so many students don't have a chace to improve
their lives
-> Only good students have been admitted to universities in my country, so many students don't have a chace to improve
their lives

6. Changes are making to my university
-> Changes are being made to my university

7. If a new university built in my hometown, students will have good and bad experiences
-> If a new university was built in my hometown, students will have good and bad experiences

8. England is used english
-> England is used english

9. Medical schools and dental schools are applied to high level students
-> Medical schools and dental schools were applied to high level students

10.If i study with a teacher , i can be understood my problems.
-> if i study with a teacher , i could be understood my problems